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The properties and structure of two representative lipids - both the stearic acid (which is a fatty acid) and the phosphatidylcholine (which is a phospholipid) are composed of chemical groups, which form polar 'heads,' nonpolar 'tails.' Here, polar heads are defined as hydrophilic or soluble in water. A few use the term 'Phospholipid' as a synonym for phospholipid, and others use it to denote a subgroup of phospholipids. The phospholipids, with the glycolipids, sphingolipids, and lipoproteins, are called complex lipids, as recognized from the simple lipids (waxes and fats) and from the other fat-soluble cell components, mostly steroids, and isoprenoids. It refers to any of a large class of fatlike and phosphorus-containing substances that play critical metabolic and structural roles in living cells. Midwest Center for Structural Genomics and Structural Biology Center, Biosciences, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA.A phospholipid is also referred to as Phosphatide. It was recently proposed that PlsX is a phosphate acyltransferase that catalyzes the formation of acyl-phosphate from the acyl-acyl carrier protein however the specific biochemical function of the PlsX protein awaits further experimental scrutiny. This site showed strong surface similarity to epimerases and reductases. A putative catalytic site has been identified within a deep groove on the interface between monomers. PlsX is a alpha/beta/alpha sandwich that resembles a Rossmann fold and forms a dimer. We have determined the crystal structure of PlsX from the human pathogen Enterococcus faecalis. The PlsX sequence homologues include both phosphate acetyltransferases and phosphate butaryltransferases that catalyze the transfer of an acetyl or butaryl group to orthophosphate. The protein is a member of a large, conserved protein family (Pfam02504) found exclusively in bacteria. The plsX gene is co-localized with a bacterial fab gene cluster which encodes several key fatty acid biosynthetic enzymes.

PlsX is a key enzyme that coordinates the production of fatty acids and membrane phospholipids.

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